Kaei ka jingktah kaba mih na ka jingjah noh ki khlaw ki btap ?
- (1) Ki wahduid ki mih tang ha ka aïom slap
- (2) Ka jinghap slap ka jur bha
- (3) Ki wah ki la nangïar
- (4) Ki wahduid ki shlei barobar
Jingbthah : Pule ïa kane ka pasoh harum bad sa jubab ïa ki jingkylli (naduh 91 haduh 99) da kaba jied ïa ka jubab kaba dei eh.
Ki Lum Khasi jong ka jylla Meghalaya ki long kiba pawbah namar ka jingbun ki jingthaw ba im ha ka mariang, ki law kyntang bad ki rukom sumar mariang da ka jingïatreilang jong ka imlang sahlang. Da ki spah snem, ki Khasi ki la pyni ka jingburom ba khraw ïa ka mariang lyngba ki riti ki dustur kiba kdew ïa ka jingïasnoh bad ka jingïateh jingim hapdeng ka jingdonkam jong u briew bad ka jingkhuid jong ka mariang. Hynrei ha ki snem kiba kham shadien, kine ki lum ki la sdang ban mad ïa ki jingma ha ka liang ka basa jingim jong ka mariang. Ka jingroi ka jingdon briew, ka jingkylla stet ki shnongkyndong sha ki sor kaba khlem jingpynbeit - khamtam ha ka jingtih maw tih shyiap kaba khlem kano kano ka kyndon - ki la buh ïa ki lum Khasi ha ka jingma namar kine baroh ki ktah noh ïa kita ki jingïadei balung ha ka basa jingim jong kane ka thaiñ.
Kawei na ki daw ba paw bha ka dei ka jingpynjot ïa ki khlaw. Ki jaka khlaw ki la nang duh noh na ka daw ka jingkhaïi ïa ki dieng ki siej kaba la wanrah ruh ïa ki jingtwa jong ki lum ki wah bad ka jingjah rngai jong ki um ba mih na khlaw. Da ka jingjah noh jong ki khlaw, ka jingiaid jong ka um ha kine ki lum kaba ju ïaid beit mynshuwa, mynta ka la kylla long khongpong. Ki wah rit bad ki wahduid kiba ju tuid ha ki saw aïom mynshuwa, mynta ki la sdang tyrkhong bad don ruh kiba la jah tang shu wan ki aïom rkhiang. Kane ka ktah ruh wat ïa ki mrad ki mreng bad ka rep ka riang jong ki briew.
Ka jingpynjakhlia ïa ki um ki wah ruh ka dei kawei pat ka jingeh kaba khraw. Ka jingbret pathar ïa ki jaboh bad ka jingpyntuid ïa ki um jakhlia ha ki jaka sor ka la ktah shisha ïa ki wah kum ka Umkhrah bad ka Umshyrpi. Kine ki jingleh ki wanrah ruh ïa ka jingma ïa ka koit ka khiah jong ki shnong ba marjan. Watla kine ki jingeh ki la kiew, hynrei bun ki shnong Khasi ki dang pynneh pynsah ïa ki law kyntang bad ki khlaw adong ïa kiba la sumar bad pynneh pynsah katkum ka jingngeit bad ka riti dustur. Kine ki khlaw ki dang neh dang sah bad ki kylla long kum ki jaka pynneh ïa ka basa jingim jong ka mariang.
Ki lad ki lynti ba kongsan ban pynneh pynsah ïa ka meirisawkun mariang ha ki Lum Khasi ka long tang lada ngi lah ban pynkhie im biang ïa ki jingstad tynrai bad ki jingnang jingtip jong ki ,riew rim ban pynjari da ki aiñ pynneh mariang bad kaba kyntiew ïa ka pule puthi. Lada ym shim khia kham kloi halor kane ka bynta, ka jingitynnat ka mariang kaba ïasnoh bad ka riti dustur jong kane ka thaiñ ka lah ban jah syndet syndon.
Kaei ka jingktah kaba mih na ka jingjah noh ki khlaw ki btap ?
Ha ri Khasi don bun bha ki law kyntang bad kine ki dang ïai don haduh kine ki sngi namar ïa kine la ïada da __________ .
Kino na kine ki wah ha sor kiba la shah ktah bha na ka jingbret pathar ïa ki jakhlia bad ka jingpyntuid ïa ki jakhlia sha ki wah ?
Katkum kane ka pasoh, phi sngewthuh kumno shaphang ka pyrkhat tynrai u Khasi ha kaba ïadei bad ka mariang ?
Ka khubor kaba kumno ba kane ka pasoh ka pyrshang ban pynpaw ?
Ka pasoh ka kdew shai ba ka jingkylla ka rukom mih jong ki um ki wah ka dei namar.
Kano na kine harum kaba khlem da kren lane kdew shai hynrei kaba lah pat ban sngewthuh ba ka dei kawei na ki daw kaba ktah ïa ka mariang u Khasi ?
Ka daw ba kongsan kaba la pynlong ïa ki khlaw ba kin duhnoh na rilum Khasi Jaintia kumba la kdew ha ka pasoh ka dei na.
Kaei ka lad ka lynti kaba ym shym la kdew ha kaba ïadei bad ka jingpynbha pat ïa kaba la jot ?
Jingbthah : Pule ïa kane ka poim harum bad sa jubab ïa ki jingkylli (naduh 100 haduh 105) da kaba jied ïa ka jubab kaba dei eh.
Nga ngiah ïa kane ka samoi ba ka lyer
ka klun lut ïa ki duid ba ngi don
ban pynhun ïa ka jingthrew la jong.
Ba ka kawang pui pui ïa ki mat ïong jong ngi
bad ka khyndiet ïa ki skad ki theilud bapli.
Ba ka sympat ïa ki dieng
bad ki lynñiar da ka tieng.
Nga ngiah ïa kane ka samoi
ba ki jingmut ki her
sha ki khraw bor kum ka lyer.
Ka buit thoh poitri kaba kumno ba u myllung u pyndonkam ha ki laiñ, “Ba ka sympat ïa ki dieng/bad ki lynñiar da ka tieng” ?
Ka jingïaiban ïa ka laiñ “Nga ngiah ïa kane ka samoi” ka pynpaw ïa
Kane ka poim ka pynpaw ïa ka jingsngew kaba kumno ?
Kano na kine ki buit thoh poitri harum kaba phi lah ban shem ha ki kyntien “ka klun lut ïa ki duid ba ngi don/bon pynhun ïa ki jingthrew la jong” ?
Ka ‘lyer’ ha ka poim ka ïeng kum ka shin jong kawei na kine harum :
Balei ba u myllung u pyndonkam bunsien ïa ka kyntien ‘Samoi’ ha ka poim ?
Ka jingong ba Khlain (K) : Ki jingshem ha kaba ïadei bad ka jingshah hikai ha klas ka dei kaba la ngam jylliew bha sha ka jingim bad ka jinglong jingman ki nongshah hikai.
Ka jingong ba don Nia (N) : Ki jingshem ha kaba ïadei bad ka jingshah hikai ki dei kiba la pynwandur ban seng nongrim halor ki jingsngewthuh bad jingtip ba ha shuwa jong ki khynnah.
Jied ïa ka jubab kaba dei eh na kine harum :
Kano na kine harum ka BYMDEI ka jong ka jingshah hikai ktien ?
Ban tynjuh (assess) la ki khynnah ki lah ne em ban pyndonkam ïa ki kyntien ïakren ïakhana ha kaba thied jingthied eiei na dukan, kan long kaba kham biang ïa ki khynnah ba
Ka nonghikai ka shem katto katne ki bynta jong ka jinghikai ktien, kum ka nuksa, kaba pule ryngkat ka jingsngewthuh ïa ka jingthoh kaba ïadei bad ki symboh pyrkhat (concepts) ha ka saïan. Ka rai ban jied ïa ki khynnah kiba shem jingeh halor kane ka bynta. Ka shim ïa ka klas kaba kyrpang khnang ban ïarap ïa ki ba kin pule bad sngewthuh ïa kiba kum kita ki jait jingthoh. Ïa kane ka rukom leh la tip kum kaei.
Kano na kine harum ka bym dei ka ‘sub skill’ jong ka jingpule ?
Ka jingong ba Khlain (K) : Ka portfolio jong ki khynnah ka dei kaba la lum khnang ïa baroh ki jingtrei jong ki khynnah
Ka jingong ba don Nia (N) : Ka portfolio ka lah ban long ka jingpynshlur ïa ki khynnah ba kin pynshongdor (evaluate) ïa la ki jong ki jingkhlain bad jingtlot.
Jied ïa ka jubab kaba dei eh na kine harum :
Khnang ban ïarap ïa ki khynnah ba kin san ha ka jingtip ïa ki thup kyntien, ka nonghikai ka pyndonkam ïa ka jingthoh (material) kaba don ïa ka ktien kaba la thoh ban pynsuk ïa ki khynnah bad kaba la pynshong nongrim halor ki jingjia lane jingthoh ba la pynthikna (authentic material). Kane ka jingthoh (material) ka dei
Ka nonghikai ktien ka ai ha ki khynnah ïa ka thup jingkylli (questionnaire) khnang ba kan lah ban tip khambha shaphang ka stai (style) bad ka jingjied jong ki khynnah ban shah hikai. Hangne ka nonghikai ka shim ïa ka bynta
Ka nonghikai klas I ka phah ïa ki khynnah ba kin pruid (scribble), ban dro bad thoh kat kaba ki kwah ban leh ha ki kynroh. Kane ka nonghikai ka pynshlur ïa kaei ?
Kano na kine harum ka bym ïadei shaphang ki dur ?
Ki dur bad ki jingpyni nuksa ha ki kot
Kano na kine ki jingong kaba ïadei bad ki nongshah hikai ba dang sdang ka bashisha (true) :
Kiei ki sienjam ba phin shim kum ka nonghikai khnang ban plie lad ïa ki khynnah pule ba kin ïoh ïakren ïakhana ha ka klas jong phi.
(a) Pynshlur ïa ki khynnah pule ba kin kylli bun ki jingkylli
(b) Pynlong ïa ki ba kin trei shijur lane shi kynhun, bad ong ïa ki ba kin pynpaw ïa ki jingsngew (opinion) jong ki.
(c) Pynlong ïa ki ba kin pule jam ïa ka jingthoh bad jubab ïa ki shimet shimet khnang ban lah ban wanrah ïa ka jinghikai shimet (individual learning)
(d) Bthah ba kin pule ïa ki jingïakren (dialogues) iwei ïa iwei ha ka rukom ka jingïakren bad kin ïakylli jingkylli para maki
Jied ïa ka jubab kaba dei na kina harum.
Ka cognitive theory kaba ïadei bad ka jingsan jong ka ktien ka kyrshan ïa ka nia ba ka ktien ka dei
Ka jingong ba khlain (K) : Ka ktien ka dei ka snap jinglong ba kongsan jong ka jingsngewthuh bad pynpaw ïa ka kolshor, ïa kaba la shim ruh kum kawei na ki jinglah (competencies) ka bakhraw kaba san ha ki khynnah.
Ka jingong ba don Nia (N) : Ki jinglah (competencies) ban sngewthuh bad pynpaw ïa ka kolshor ka wanrah ha ki khynnah ïa ka jingsngewthuh ïa la ka jinglong kyrpang (identity), ka jingsngew trai bad kumjuh ruh ka jingnang ban burom ïa ka kolshor bad ka jinglong kyrpang jong kiwei.
Jied ïa ka jubab kaba dei eh na kine harum :
Ki kotpule ki dei kiba ki kynthup ïa ki jingthoh jong ki nongthoh kum ki khana, ki poim, ki ple/sawangka bad kiwei pat ki jait jingthoh. Ngi donkam ban jied kum kine ki jait jingthoh namar.
Jingbthah : Pule ïa kane ka pasoh harum bad sa jubab ïa ki jingkylli (naduh 121 haduh 128) da kaba jied ïa ka jubab kaba dei eh.
Ïa ka jingthaw ïa ka pyrthei ka mariang, ka puriskam ki tymmen Khasi ka ong ba u Blei lyngba ka Mei Hukum u la thaw ïa ka Ramew, bad maka pat dalade hi ka la kha san ngut ki khun, bad kita ki dei u Bnai, ka Sngi, ka Um, ka Lyer bad ka Ding. Ïa ka Ramew la tap lin da ka Um. Ka Hukum ka la sei ïa u Ryngkew bad la pynïashongkha-shongman ïa u bad ka Ramew bad hangta la tuid ki umrit (ka suit), la ryngkoh ki umbah (ka shor). Kane ka jingtuid ki umrit (suit) bad ka jingryngkoh ki umbah (shor) ka la sait la khur ïa ka Ramew bad ka la kha ïa u maw bad ka khyndew. Naduh kata ka por u Ryngkew ba rkhiang bad ka ramew ba la tap lin da ka um ki ïa snoh ïa bat lang kawei. Ka Ramew ka la kyrpad ba u Blei Un ai nongsynshar u ban shong u ban sah. Te u Blei U la pynlong ka dorbar-bneng ban ïapyrkhat pyrdaiñ bad la ki shakri. Kine ki shakri ki la don baroh khathynriew bynriew. Ha kata ka dorbar bneng la ïarai ba ki hynñiew bynriew kin wan hiar sha ka pyrthei ban synshar, ban shong ban sah, katba Ki khyndai bynriew kin sah kin shong ha bneng ryngkat bad u Blei.
Ha ka pyrkhat u Khasi, ka mariang kam thew tang ïa ki lum ki wah, ki dieng ki siej. Ka jingpyndonkam ïa ka ktien ‘mariang’, hangne ka thew ïa baroh (totality) ki jingthaw jingbuh U Blei kaba shabar na man la u briew, hynrei kaba tawiar ïa u.
Lyngba ka jingtuid ki umrit bad ka jingryngkoh ki umbah, ka ramew ka la kha pat ïa
La pynïashongkha shongman ïa u Ryngkew bad ka Ramew da
Shuwa ba ka Ramew kan ïashongkha bad u Ryngkew,
Katkum kane ka pasoh, u hynñiew bynriew u wan hiar sha ka pyrthei na ka bynta
Katkum kane ka pasoh, u Blei u la pynlong ïa ka dorbar-bneng ban pyrkhat halor ka jingkyrpad ka Ramew. Ïa kane ka dorbar bneng la tip ruh kum
Katkum ka khana shaphang ka jingthaw bad jingpynlong ïa ka pyrthei mariang, mano ba la thaw ïa ka Ramew ?
Ïa ki san ngut shipara, kata ka sngi, u Bnai, ka Um, ka Ding bad ka Lyer la
Katkum ka pyrkhat Khasi shaphang ka mariang, ka mariang ka kynthup ïa
Jingbthah : Pule ïa kane ka pasoh harum bad sa jubab ïa ki jingkylli (naduh 129 haduh 135) da kaba jied ïa ka jubab kaba dei eh.
Kumba long lem ha kiwei ki jaidbynriew, ka thymmei pyrkhat u Khasi ka don ar bynta : ka pyrkhat ba kynja pyrthei bad ka pyrkhat ba kynja mynsiem. Ka pyrkhat ba kynja mynsiem ka batai shaphang U Blei, ki blei ki dken, ki ksuid ki khrei, ka mariang bad ka niam ka rukom. Ha ka pyrkhat ba kynja pyrthei pat ka kynthup ïa ka hok, ka synshar ka khadar, ka imlang ka sahlang, ka shad ka kmen bad kiwei pat ki jingïadei parabriew. Tangba kam long kaba suk ban batai ne ban sngewthuh ïa ka philosophy u Khasi lada phiah pyrkhing ïa ka ha ki ar bynta. Ym lah ban tip shai hangno kine ki ar bynta ki ïashem. Ïa baroh ki riti bad ki phang pyrkhat u Khasi la thaiñ lang kumba thaiñ ïa u shylliah ym kumba bteng ter ter ïa u kynjri. Lada batai ïa ka shongkha-shongman, ka longkur-mankur ka wan ha ka juh ka por, bad sngew kumba la dei ban sdang shuwa nangta. Haba batai shaphang ka niam, ka longkur-longkha ruh ka wan lang bad sngew kumba la dei ban ïatai shuwa shaphang kata, bad kumta ka long ha kiei kiei baroh, ki ïalong lang hajuh ha kawei ka dur ka dar. Namarkata ym lah ban phiah pyrkhing ha ki phang (water tight compartments) ïa ka thymmei pyrkhat u Khasi ha ki ar bynta namar ka jingthoh kan shu jrong ei khlem myntoi bad ka lah ban ïalam bakla pynban.
Wat lada ki riti Khasi ki bun bad ki rukom ki ïapher na kawei ka jaka ha kawei pat, hynrei ka nongrim (under lying principle) te ka dei ka juh.
Wat lada ki riti Khasi ki bun bad ki rukom ruh ki ïapher na kawei ka thaiñ sha kawei pat hynrei tang kawei kaba dei kajuh bad kata ka dei.
Ki jingïakren bad pyrkhat kiba dei halor ki phang ka synshar khadar, ka shad ka kmen bad ka leh rong ki hab ha
Watla ha kaba nyngkong u nongthoh jong ka pasoh u pyrshang ban batai da kaba phiah sha ki bynta hynrei u kdew pat ruh ba ka shitom ban phiah kumne namar
Ka niam ha u Khasi ka don ka jingïasnoh bad kawei na kine harum :
Katkum kane ka pasoh, ka thymmei pyrkhat u Khasi ka don katno bynta ?
Ka jingbatai shaphang u Blei, ki blei ki dken, ki ksuid ki khrei, ka mariang bad ka niam ka rukom ki hab ha.
Kane ka pasoh baroh kawei ka kren shaphang kawei na kine harum
Ka nonghikai ka wad ïa ka video ka ban ïahab ha ka topik jong ka unit bad ka pynkhreh (plan) na ka bynta ban ïatrei hapdeng arngut (pair work) halor kane ka video. Ka jingthmu jong kane ka jingleh kam ba arngut (pair work activity) ka long ban pynshlur ïa ki khynnah ban
Ki shithup ki jingïathuh khana lyngkot bad kiwei pat ki jait khana la shim ban pynlong ïa ki kum ki kot pule ïarap na ka bynta ka hikai ktien. Kaei ka jingthmu ba kongsan jong ki kot ïarap ?
Ka jingong kaba khlain (K) : Ka Remedial Teaching ka dei ka bynta ba kongsan jong ke jinghikai bad shah hikai.
Ka jingong kaba don Nia (N) : Ka Remedial Teaching ka long ban hikai biang sa shisien, ym da dei eh ha kajuh ka rukom ha kaba ym shym la ïoh kem bha ïa ka jinghikai ktien.
Jied ïa ka jubab kaba dei na kine harum :
Ka jingïathuh biang ïa ka khana ba la pule da u / ka khynnah ha ki kyntien jong ki hi, ka ïarap ban tynjuh ïa.
Kano na kine ki jingantad lane jingong ki bym ïahab bad ka hikai ktien ?
Kano na kine harum kaba dei ka kamram bad jingkitkhlieh ba kongsan eh jong ka nonghikai ktien ?
Ki khynnah ha ka kyrdan kaba dang sdang (Foundational Stage) ki kham sngewsuk bad ki nang kloi
Kano na kine harum kaba bakla ha kaba ïadei bad kaba ïathuhkhana ïa ki khynnah ?
Kaba sngap ïa ki khana, ka ïarap ïa ki khynnah ban.
Ka nonghikai ha ka jinghikai ktien, ka buh ïa ki khynnah kiba ïakhleh ka bor jinglah (mixed ability) ha kawei ka kynhun. Ka jingbuh ïa kane ka kynhun ba ïakhleh ka jinglah ka long ban
Ki khynnah ki dei ban ïoh lad ban tip bad ngam jylliew ha __________ .
Ka jingong ba Khlain (K) : La shim ïa kaba dro jingdro kum ka dak ka jingsdang jong ka jingnang ban thoh ha ka por ba dang khynnah.
Ka jingong ba don Nia (N) : Ki dur ki dei ki shin (symbol) bad ki kit jingmut.
Jied ïa ka jubab kaba dei eh na kine harum :
Ka drill ‘minimal pair’ ka lah ban long ka buit ban kyntiew bad pynbha ïa ka jinglah ha
Kano na kine harum ka bym don jingïadei bad ka behaviourist theory jong ka jingnang ïa ka ktien ?
Ka nonghikai klas V ka phah ïa ki khynnah ba kin thoh jingïathuhkhana. Katba ki khynnah ki dang thoh jingïathuhkhana, ka nonghikai ka ïaid sawdong ïa ka kamra da kaba ïarap ïa ki khynnah kiba bakla lane kiba kylli ïa ki kyntien thymmai. Hangne, ka nonghikai ka shim ïa ka bynta jong
Ka jingjong ba Khlain (K) : Ka jingpule ka dei kham palat ban ïa kaba shu nang kynnoh ïa ki kyntien ha ka rukom ka badei.
Ka jingong ba don Nia (N) : Kaba pule ka dei kaba pharia jingmut (reading is decoding)
Jied ïa ka jubab ka badei na kine harum