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CTET 7 Feb 2026 Paper 1, Question 12

Topic: Vygotsky

Q12

According to Lev Vygotsky, cognitive development is guided by

  1. (1) language in the form of private speechCorrect answer
  2. (2) processes of attention and perception
  3. (3) assimilation and accommodation that change ‘schemes’
  4. (4) positive and negative reinforcement given by the environment

Solution.

CBSE answer: (1)

Answer: (1) language in the form of private speech

  1. Vygotsky held that language is the main tool of thought.
  2. Children talk to themselves (private speech) to plan, guide and control their actions, and this self-guidance drives cognitive growth.
  3. Assimilation and accommodation of schemes is Piaget's mechanism; reinforcement is the behaviourist idea; attention and perception belong to information processing.

Trap: (3) is Piaget, not Vygotsky.