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CTET 8 Feb 2026 Paper 1, Question 23

Topic: Vygotsky

Q23

According to Vygotsky’s theory, the zone of proximal development refers to :

  1. (1) The level of skill or knowledge a student is capable of mastering with help.Correct answer
  2. (2) The level of skill or knowledge a student is unlikely to ever achieve.
  3. (3) The level of skill or knowledge a student must master to pass a test or receive a grade.
  4. (4) The level of skill or knowledge a student has already mastered.

Solution.

CBSE answer: (1)

Answer: (1) The level of skill or knowledge a student is capable of mastering with help.

  1. The ZPD is the gap between what a child can do alone and what she can do with guidance from an adult or a more capable peer.
  2. Teaching works best inside this zone, through scaffolding.
  3. What is already mastered lies below the ZPD; what can never be reached lies outside it.

Trap: (4) describes the actual developmental level, not the ZPD.