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UPSC Prelims 2026 GS Paper 1, question 9

Topic: Modern history and freedom struggle

Q9

Which one of the following statements about the Eka Movement and Bardoli Satyagraha is correct ?

  1. (a) The Eka Movement was throughout supported and organized by the Congress while Bardoli Satyagraha was initially independent of Congress influence and was only in the last stages supported by the Congress.
  2. (b) The Eka Movement was provided leadership by the taluqdars of Awadh, whereas the Bardoli Satyagraha was a movement of the landless labourers.
  3. (c) The Bardoli Satyagraha was a campaign against the enhancement of land revenue, while the Eka Movement was a protest against excessive extraction of rents.Correct answer
  4. (d) The Eka Movement was located in the Varanasi and Mirzapur districts of the present-day U.P., while the Bardoli Satyagraha took place in Saurashtra.

Solution.

Answer: (c) The Bardoli Satyagraha was a campaign against the enhancement of land revenue, while the Eka Movement was a protest against excessive extraction of rents.

  1. The Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) in Surat district, led by Vallabhbhai Patel, was a peasant campaign against the Bombay Presidency's arbitrary enhancement of land revenue assessment.
  2. The Eka Movement (1921-1922) in the Hardoi, Bahraich, and Sitapur districts of Awadh (led by Madari Pasi) was a tenant protest against the extraction of rents far exceeding recorded rates and oppressive cesses by taluqdars and thekadars.