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UPSC Prelims 2025 GS Paper 1, question 34

Topic: Environment and ecology

Q34

Consider the following statements :

Statement-I : Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change is frequently discussed in global discussions on sustainable development and climate change.

Statement-II : Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change sets out the principles of carbon markets.

Statement-III : Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change intends to promote inter-country non-market strategies to reach their climate targets.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

  1. (a) Both Statement-II and Statement-III are correct and both of them explain Statement-ICorrect answer
  2. (b) Both Statement-II and Statement-III are correct but only one of them explains Statement-I
  3. (c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement-I
  4. (d) Neither Statement-II nor Statement-III is correct

Solution.

Answer: (a) Both Statement-II and Statement-III are correct and both of them explain Statement-I

  1. Statement-I is correct: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement is a central agenda item in global climate negotiations (including COP28 and COP29).
  2. Statement-II is correct and explains Statement-I: Articles 6.2 and 6.4 establish the rules for bilateral cooperative approaches (ITMOs) and a centralized global carbon market mechanism.
  3. Statement-III is correct and explains Statement-I: Article 6.8 specifically establishes a framework for non-market approaches (NMAs) to promote integrated, holistic inter-country cooperation toward Nationally Determined Contributions.