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UPSC Prelims 2025 GS Paper 1, question 20

Topic: Modern history and freedom struggle

Q20

Consider the following statements in respect of the Non-Cooperation Movement :

I. The Congress declared the attainment of ‘Swaraj’ by all legitimate and peaceful means to be its objective.

II. It was to be implemented in stages with civil disobedience and non-payment of taxes for the next stage only if ‘Swaraj’ did not come within a year and the Government resorted to repression.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. (a) I only
  2. (b) II only
  3. (c) Both I and IICorrect answer
  4. (d) Neither I nor II

Solution.

Answer: (c) Both I and II

  1. Statement I is correct: at the Nagpur Session of December 1920, the Indian National Congress amended its creed to declare the attainment of Swaraj by all legitimate and peaceful means as its objective.
  2. Statement II is correct: the Non-Cooperation programme was designed in stages, reserving mass civil disobedience and non-payment of taxes for a later stage if Swaraj was not achieved within a year and the Government responded with repression.